– Antiquity : The electrical current produced by the torpedo fish or catfish, is used since antiquity to treat certain diseases.

 

– 1780 : Galvani discovered that an electric current is able to trigger muscle contraction.

 

– 1783 : Revolutionary physician Jean-Paul Marat was awarded by the Academy of Rouen for his paper on medical electricity.

 

– 1818 : German physician Christian Bischoff, professor of pharmacology at the University of Iena, used an electrotherapy device to treat certain neurological conditions.

 

-1867 : French neurologist Duchenne de Bologne uses electrotherapy for functional exploration.

 

– 1931 : Cardiologist Albert Hyman filed the first patent for a pacemaker.

 

– 1964-1967 : Jozef Cywinski, Polish naturalized American biomedical engineer, developes a pacemaker synchronous to the P wave.

 

– 1971 : Soviet Kots applies electrical stimulation to sport. This technology is used in muscle building programs for athletes.

 

– 1972 : English physician, A. N. Nicolaides published in British Medical Journal a study on the effectiveness of electrostimulation in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. The device used is too painful to be used without anesthesia.

 

– 1988 : Jozef Cywinski filed a patent in the United States for a programmable muscle stimulator.

 

– 2004 : Conception of Veinoplus®, electro-myostimulation device, indicated for the treatment of venous insufficiency by Jozef Cywinski.

 

– 2010 : Prof. A.N Nicolaides team published in Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, a study on the effectiveness of Veinoplus® technology to increase venous flow and prevent venous stasis.

 

– 2015 : Increasingly, electrostimulation has given rise to new therapeutic fields. Veinoplus exemplifies this trend and offers a full range of treatments to assist and relieve patients against venous insufficiency problems, back pain, and  sports recovery.